Organisations rarely fail from lack of effort. They make decisions based on degraded information. They feel it. They do not measure it, because measuring takes time and the result does not seem to immediately produce value.
At every handoff, information transforms. What was precise becomes ambiguous. What was a hypothesis becomes a certainty. What was verifiable disappears into noise.
This phenomenon exists in every organisation. What varies is that it is neither measured nor managed, and what is not measured cannot be resolved. It translates into delays, rework, and features that end up costing twice what they should.
Philip CrosbyPhilip Crosby, Quality is Free: The Art of Making Quality Certain (1979). Demonstrates that non-quality is a recoverable net loss through prevention. demonstrated this for industrial quality : the real cost of non-quality accounts for entre 15 % et 20 % du chiffre d'affaires invisible in budgets, always present in margins. Information quality follows the same economic logic.